Essenes
The Essenes were a sect of Jews. They are thought to be the writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls, most of which are copies of the Old Testament books.

• Josephus 70 AD; Antiques 15.10.5 & 17.13.3; War 2.8.2,3,6:
  They abstained from wine, were vegetarians, were very ascetic, denied the bodily resurrection, kept the names of the Angels (probably referring to 1 Enoch), learned the quality of roots and stones, had a three year rite of initiation, they swore a solemn oath to the order but prohibited all other oaths, they had their own special from of exorcism, had books on charms and magic, interpreted dreams, and prohibited slavery. They had sunrise prayers (literally, prayers to or for the sun) in the same manor as the Therapeute.
   
• Hippolytus 170-236 AD
• Refutation of all Heresies 9.13 - Renounce matrimony, learn the sciences, do not admit women to their order.
• Refutation of all Heresies 9.16 - They pray from early dawn
• The Refutation of all Heresies 9.17 - They abstain from wrath and anger, do not swear. And they evince the utmost curiosity concerning plants and stones, rather busying themselves as regards the operative powers of these, saying that these things were not created in vain.
• The Refutation of all Heresies 9.20 - Their judgments are the most accurate and impartial, and they were stricter Sabbatarians than the rest of the Jews.
• The Refutation of all Heresies 9.21 4 - There are 4 divisions of Essenes. 1st; will not enter where there is a statue or handle coins. 2nd; will force uncircumcised under penalty of death (later called zealots or Sicarii), 3rd; live the original style, most live over 100 years. 4th; call no man LORD.
• The Refutation of all Heresies 9.22 believe in the resurrection, immortality of the soul, at death they go to a place well ventilated and lightsome until judgment. the Greeks have a similar concept called "Isles of the Blessed"

Therapeute
The Therapeute were a Christian monastic sect in Alexandria Egypt, which formed shortly after Mark's arrival there.

• Eusebieus 2.17:
  They took the concept of celibate orders of monks and nuns from the "Vestal Virgins" from Greek pagan practices. They had sunrise prayers (literally, prayers to or for the sun) which may have been patterned after the Essenes.

Nicolaitanes 

• Eusebieus 3.29; Ireneaus, Against All Heresies, 3:11
  This sect took its name after Nicolas one of the seven deacons of Acts (although Nicolas had nothing to do with them) Influenced by the Gnostics began practicing adultery and eating meet offered to idols in order to prove they had conquered the flesh.
• Victorinus Commentary on the Apocalypse 2.6
  The works of the Nicolaitanes were in that time false and troublesome men, who, as ministers under the name of Nicolaus, had made for themselves a heresy, to the effect that what had been offered to idols might be exorcised and eaten, and that whoever should have committed fornication might receive peace on the eighth day.

Jovinians (c390AD)
Jerome, in his two books against the Jovinians, says Jovininan taught: See also Augustine's book on Marriage 2:23

• That a virgin is no better as such than a wife in the sight of God.
• Abstinence is no better than a thankful partaking of food.
• A person baptized with the Spirit as well as with water cannot sin.
• All sins are equal.
• There is but one grade of punishment and one of reward in the future state.
• The birth of our Lord to have been by a 'true parturition,' and was thus at issue with the orthodoxy of the time, according to which the infant Jesus passed through the walls of the womb as His Resurrection body afterwards did out of the tomb or through the closed doors.