History
The Presbyterian church took its roots from John Calvin. He developed the five points of Calvinism around 1540. John Knox then took his teaching father by adding the concept of God predestining the fall. 

More to come...

Beliefs
All Presbyterian churches believe in five point Calvinism and teach Covenant Theology (not Dispensationalism). They practice Infant Baptism, which is looked at as the parents promising that they will raise the child as a Christian, therefore the child is already in "the covenant."  

The Presbyterian Church USA, which is the largest of the Presbyterian denominations, ordains women ministers, takes a neutral stance on Abortion, accepts practicing homosexuals as Christians, and rarely ever speak about hell, or prophecy.

See Adherents.com for denominational statistics.

Presbyterian Denominations:

1. Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), founded 1782
2. Cumberland Presbyterian Church, founded 1810
   Christ died for all,
3. Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America, founded 1874
4. Evangelical Presbyterian Church, founded 1981
5. Korean-American Presbyterian Church, founded 1976
6. Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC), founded 1936
   Protest Modernism, women can't hold office
7. Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), founded 1973
   Women can't be ordained
8. Presbyterian Church (USA), founded 1983
9. Reformed Presbyterian Church of north America, founded 1809
   

Reformed Churches

Reformed Churches hold the same Calvinist Doctrines as the Presbyterians hold, but tend to have a different organizational structure. They also hold to the threefold division of the Epistle of Romans.

1. Christian Reformed Church in North America, founded 1857
   
2. Hungarian Reformed Church in America, founded 1924
    
3. Netherlands Reformed Congregations in North America, founded 1907
    
4. Protestant Reformed Churches in America, founded 1926
   Believe in some form of common grace
5. Reformed Church in America, founded 1792
   In full communion with the ELCA
6. Reformed Church in the United States, founded 1942
   Apposed liberal interpretation of Scripture

Date: 2001