Jerusalem - 50
Gentile controversy.
Do gentiles have to keep part or all of the Law of Moses?

• Paul-Law of Moses annulled; circumcision not necessary, salvation by faith alone.
• Ebeonites-Law of Moses and circumcision are necessary for salvation.
• Result-Gentiles do not keep the law of Moses. Gentiles are to abstain from fornication, the worship of idols, and eating blood. (Acts 15)

I Nicaea - 325
The Arian controversy.
Is Jesus God in human flesh completely equal in substance to the Father or an angel not equal to the Father?

• Arius-heteroousios Jesus  is the first created angel who created all other things.
• Athanasius-homoousios Jesus is God totally equal to the father.
• Eusebius-homoiousios Jesus is similar to the father. (a compromise)
• Result-homoousios upheld. The Nicean creed states: There is one God manifested in three persons, who are co-equal, co-eternal and co-substantial.
• Fixed the date for Easter

I Constantinople - 381

• Condemned Patri-Passionism (developed out of Modalism);
• Condemned Montanus.
• Condemned Macedonianism (denying the divinity of the Holy Spirit)
• Completed the formation of the Nicene-Constantinopolitan creed.

Ephesus - 431
The Nestorian controversy.

• Nestorius -opposed the term theotokos, or God-bearer.
• Apollinarius-defended the term theotokos.
• Result: -the term theotokos is affirmed.

The Pelagian controversy

• Pelagius-grace given at birth giving all men a free will, sin is a willful act, you can be sinless
• Augustine-man doesn’t have a free will, grace given only to those God elects. (for 9yrs. He was a manichian) also gave the final position of the church against the Dontinst issue of the validity of the acts of an unworthy bishop.
• Semi-Pelagian-Man must turn to God first then God can save him
• Result: -semi Augustinianism (God starts the process of salvation then man accepts it)

Chalcedon - 451
The Eutychian controversy (monophysites)

• Eutychies-Christ had two natures before incarnation but only one after.
• Leo I-sent "the tome," stating Christ had two natures, one human and one divine.
• Result-declared that Christ has two natures, upheld theotokos, condemned the Monophysites. 27 NT books.

II Constantinolpe - 553 

• Christ had two wills; condemned Monothelites.
• Condemned the teaching of Origin: that hell will be emptied and all will eventually be saved.
• Condemned the “Three Chapters” - Nestorian doctrine.

III Constantinople- 681 Reaffirmed that Christ had two natures and two wills.
II Nicaea - 787

• Iconoclasm. Some images were tolerated.
• Condemned Adoptionism

Lateran I - 1123

• Forbade marriage to priests.
• granted indulgences to crusaders.

Lateran IV

• Established the Inquisition.
• Condemned Cathari and Waldensians
• Defined transubstantiation.

Vienne - 1312 

• Suppressed the Knights Templar
• Condemned the Beguines and Beghards.

Constance - 1418 

• Ended the papal schism by deposing the three rival popes.
• Tried and executed John Huss.

Trent - 1547 

• Tradition bears the same authority as Scripture.
• Apocrypha reaffirmed.
• Vulgate declared the official Bible of the Church.
• Number of sacraments was fixed at seven, giving grace ex opere operato.
• transubstantiation was reaffirmed.
• Moral standard for Clergy were reaffirmed.
• Index was expanded to include protestant writings.
• Protestant teaching on original sin and justification by faith alone were rejected.

Vatican I - 1869 

• Promulgated dogma of papal infallibility when speaking ex cathedra  on matters of faith and morals.

Vatican II - 1965 

• Protestants are separated brethren.
• Dialogue with other faiths encouraged.
• Translation and Bible reading was encouraged.
• Index was eliminated.
• Religious freedom for all upheld.
• Papal infallibility, tradition, Catholic church as the only way of salvation reaffirmed.
• Veneration of Mary was encouraged.
• Mass required to be in vernacular with laity participating.
• Laity were recognized as spiritual priests.
• Excommunication of the Great Schism was revoked.

Stages to Infant Baptism

1. The scripture states you must confess Jesus.
2. You confess publicly by baptism. (if done at the same time)
3. Baptism finishes confession and obedience. (last stage of salvation)
4. The Holy spirit enters you through the water
5. Baptize a child, so Holy Spirit will indwell him, because he may not live to adulthood.
6. Kids get sick easy so sprinkle
7. Holy Spirit indwelt water becomes holy water.

All quotations taken from the NIV unless otherwise noted.